This chapter introduces the concepts of factors and multiples through fun examples of animal jumps.
Factors are numbers that divide another number exactly. For example, the factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20.
Multiples are numbers obtained by repeated multiplication or skip counting, like multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, and so on.
Students learn about common factors and common multiples, which are shared by two or more numbers. The chapter also explains the difference between:
Prime numbers (exactly two factors: 1 and itself)
Composite numbers (more than two factors)
Helpful divisibility rules are introduced to quickly check if a number is divisible by 2, 3, 5, 9, or 10.
Overall, this chapter builds a strong understanding of number relationships using factors, multiples, and simple divisibility shortcuts.
Key Points
• Factors = Footprints 🐾 – Numbers that fit exactly into another.
Ex: Factors of 20 → 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20.
• Multiples = Jumps 🐇🐸 – Numbers we get when we keep hopping (multiplying).
Ex: Multiples of 3 → 3, 6, 9, 12, 15… (endless).
• Common Meeting Points –
Rabbit jumps 4 steps, frog jumps 3 steps → both land at 12, 24, 36… (Common Multiples).
Factors common to 12 & 18 → 1, 2, 3, 6 (Common Factors).
• Prime vs Composite
Prime = exactly 2 factors (1 & itself) → 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13…
Composite = more than 2 factors → 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12…
• Divisibility Quick Rules
By 2 → last digit even
By 3 → sum of digits ÷ 3
By 5 → last digit 0 or 5
By 10 → last digit 0
By 9 → sum of digits ÷ 9
👉 👉 Numbers are like animals jumping on a track—some land together, some apart. Finding these meeting spots (multiples) and footprints (factors) helps us unlock patterns in maths.