This chapter explains how elements are broadly classified into metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. It describes why metals are widely used in daily life due to their strength, conductivity, and malleability, while non-metals play an equally important role in life processes and industries. The chapter discusses the reactivity series, methods of extraction of metals from ores, and the importance of corrosion prevention. It also highlights how metals and non-metals are essential for technological development and sustainable use of natural resources.
Key Points
Elements are classified as metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
Metals are generally lustrous, hard, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals are usually dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Malleability allows metals to be beaten into thin sheets.
Ductility allows metals to be drawn into wires.
Sonority is the property by which metals produce a ringing sound.
Metals form positive ions (cations) by losing electrons.
Non-metals form negative ions (anions) by gaining electrons.
Reactivity series arranges metals in decreasing order of reactivity.
Highly reactive metals are found in combined form in nature.
Less reactive metals can be found in free state.
Extraction of metals depends on their position in the reactivity series.
Ores are minerals from which metals can be extracted profitably.
Corrosion is the gradual destruction of metals due to air and moisture.
Rusting is corrosion of iron in presence of air and water.
Corrosion can be prevented by painting, galvanisation, oiling, or alloying.
Alloys are mixtures of metals or metals with non-metals that improve properties.
Metals and non-metals are vital for industry, health, agriculture, and technology.
👉 👉Metals and non-metals are invaluable natural resources that support modern life and technology. By understanding their properties, extraction, and proper use, we can reduce waste, prevent damage like corrosion, and ensure responsible and sustainable use of Earth’s resources for the future.