This chapter explores patterns and shapes found in daily life. Students learn about weaving patterns using over–under rules and how changing the rule creates new designs. They practice completing grid patterns using repetition and symmetry.
The chapter introduces tessellations, where shapes like squares, triangles, and hexagons cover a surface without gaps or overlaps. Students also discover how combining triangles can form different quadrilaterals such as rectangles, kites, and parallelograms.
Fun activities include solving tangram puzzles, exploring cube nets, and counting cubes in 3D structures using simple formulas.
Overall, this chapter develops creativity and understanding of geometric patterns in both 2D and 3D shapes.
Key Points
• Weaving Patterns – Like basket or mat weaving: follow an “over–under” rule. Change the rule (2 over–1 under, 3 over–3 under) → get new designs.
• Patterns in Grids – Extend the missing parts in given designs. Symmetry and repetition are clues!
• Tessellations (Tile Fitting) – Shapes that cover a surface without gaps or overlaps:
Squares: 4 meet at a point (90° each).
Hexagons: 3 meet at a point (120° each).
Triangles: 6 meet at a point (60° each).
Everyday examples: honeycombs, tiled floors, brick walls.
• Mixing Shapes – Triangles + hexagons or triangles + squares make repeating floor or wall designs.
• Quadrilaterals from Triangles – Put 2 or more triangles together to make:
Rectangle (opposite sides equal),
Kite (two equal adjacent sides),
Parallelogram (opposite sides parallel).
• Tangram Fun – 7 pieces (triangles, square, parallelogram) → form animals, houses, or letters.
• Cube Nets & 3D Shapes – A cube can be “unfolded” into 6 squares (its net). Many nets are possible.
Example: Dice faces are a cube net design.
• Counting Cubes in Frames – For big cubes made of small ones:
Total cubes = side³ (e.g., 3×3×3 = 27).
Frame cubes = corner + edge cubes. Removed cubes = Total − Frame.
👉 👉 Patterns are hidden everywhere—on floors, in honeycombs, in quilts, in dice, even in art! By learning how shapes fit, fold, and combine, we train our brain to think creatively, logically, and visually.